Umbrella
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Umbrella
An umbrella is a device used for temporary shade or shelter from precipitation. They can be made by stretching a fabric or other material over a wire frame. Umbrellas carried by hand are now usually used as rain shields, although their first use was for shielding from the sun; however, as tans became more sociably acceptable, this usage declined.
An umbrella made for protection from the sun, is called a ''parasol''. These are often meant to be fixed to one point and often used with patio tables or other outdoor furniture, or on the beach for shelter from the sun.
The word "umbrella" is from the Latin word "umbra" for shade or shadow.
"Brolly" is a slang word for umbrella, used often in Britain
(both the word, and the object).
History
:''Main article: History of the umbrella''
Depictions on ancient artifacts provide evidence that umbrellas have been in existence for over four thousand years. The civilizations of ancient Assyria, Egypt, Greece, and China all used umbrellas. It was not until the 16th century that the trend spread to Europe.
temple in Kyoto, Japan.]]
In England, umbrellas were only used by women until the practice was popularised by Jonas Hanway (1712-86). Having noted the custom in Portugal, in the 1750s he started to carry an umbrella regularly in London, and continued to do so for thirty years despite derision. Another pioneering Londoner was John MacDonald, who from 1778 used a silk umbrella when it rained. The use of "Hanways" by English gentlemen slowly spread, so that by 1790, their pioneering efforts had helped lift the English taboo against men carrying umbrellas.
Chinese umbrellas have traditionally been made of either oilpaper, or silk on a bamboo frame. Victorian era umbrellas had frames of wood or baleen, but these devices were expensive and hard to fold when wet. Samuel Fox invented the steel-ribbed umbrella in 1852. Modern designs usually employ a telescoping steel trunk. New materials such as cotton,
Umbrella
needed for this article:
description of construction -- how they work
types (telescopic, walking-stick type. did umbrellas ever ''not'' fold up?)
history
Photo about sexy girl, not umbrellas
The Parasol Girl photo is really more about the sexy girl than an explanation of umbrellas, isn't it? This is a bit gratuitous and promotional.
Not to be a prude here -- she's hot! Is she is promoting something at a car show like other shots in your portfolio? Maybe these beautiful pix belong in a new article "booth babe" or "car show?"
Umbrella Man
The Umbrella Man is a man who appears in the Zapruder film, and several other films and photographs on the edge of the grassy knoll during the JFK assassination within Dealey Plaza.
He has been the object of much speculation as he was the only person seen carrying and opening an umbrella on that 66-degree, sunny day. As President John F. Kennedy approached the umbrella man, the man opened up and then pumped the umbrella above his head, then spun the umbrella rapidly with President Kennedy from east to west as the president approached and passed by him.
After an appeal to the public by the House Select Committee on Assassinations, Louis Steven Witt came forward in 1978 and claimed to be the Umbrella Man. He claimed he still had that umbrella and did not know he had been the subject of controversy. He said that he brought the umbrella to simply heckle Kennedy. John Kennedy's father had been a supporter of the Nazi-appeasing British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. By waving a black umbrella, Chamberlain's trademark fashion accessory, Witt claims he was protesting the Kennedy family appeasing Hitler before World War II.
Some have claimed that the Umbrella Man was involved in the Kennedy assassination. One commonly held theory is that the Umbrella Man was signaling the shooters, and he is depicted this way in Oliver Stone's film ''JFK''. A less common theory, held by L. Fletcher Prouty and others, is that the umbrella contained a poison dart fired at Kennedy to immobilize President Kennedy's muscles from moving (his movements are seen to freeze and cease within two seconds of Z-225). During the 1970's investigations into U.S. intelligence agencies operations two C.I.A. Directors and the umbrella weapons system developer testified under oath that such an umbrella weapon had existed and been in development since the late-1950's, was capable of an accurate range of 100 meters, and could silently fire small darts to either paralyze or kill the target
Umbrella Cockatoo
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The Umbrella Cockatoo, ''Cacatua alba'', of Indonesia at first appears to be a solid white parrot with brown eyes. If it is surprised, it extends a large and striking crest, which has a semicircular shape (similar to an umbrella, hence the name.) The crest is normally recumbent. It also has bright yellow feathers underneath its wings which flash when they fly.
This bird is classified as vulnerable due to illegal trapping for the cage-bird trade.
Unforunately as they can live up to, and perhaps beyond, 80 years in age, are very social, needing a lot of interaction, and are VERY loud (their calls can be heard up to three miles away), most of the birds taken as pets end up struggling to live and are often forced to jump from one owner to the next. They are not good pets.
Category:Psittaciformes
de:Weißhaubenkakadu
Umbrella Organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry specific) institutions, who work together formally to coordinate activities or pool resources. In business, political, or other environments, one group, the umbrella organization, provides resources and often an identity to the smaller organizations. Often in this kind of arrangement, the umbrella organization is to some degree responsible for starting the groups under its care. Compare to Franchises and Subsidiaries.
There may be many reasons for establishing/joining an umbrella organization;
The ability to carry out activities which could not be accomplished alone, due to
* Economies of scale
* A better pool of experts and experience
* Shared apprenticeship and exchange of know-how.
A sense of community and support that makes people and corporations derive utility from multilateral and shared activities.
An increased brand/public awareness
Example Organizations
AFL-CIO
The http://www.cdc.gov/phtn/overview.htm Public Health Training Network
The Japan Association for Charitable Organizations (JACO),
Transport for London
Yamaguchi-gumi
Category:Organizations
de:Dachverband
no:Paraplyorganisasjon
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Umbrella
Umbrella
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